Ancient Greece And Ancient China - 810 Words

Ancient civilizations are a big part of history but we wouldn’t know them as they are today without them going through and facing all the problems. China and Greece had many of the same problems but solved them differently. I believe that Greeks solved their problems in a better way than Chinese. Ancient Greece was a very powerful and thrived. The empire of Ancient Greece spread over Europe all the way to France. Ancient Greece has a big influence on what we have today. For example, we get many different kinds of art and architecture from Ancient Greece. The columns on the White House have the same kind on the acropolis. Athens and Sparta are most famous out of all the cities in Greece. Ancient Chinese are known for accomplishing great structures such as the Great Wall of China and many temples. China had many different emperors during Ancient China times. Like nowadays China was a great country that thrived. Many things we use now is made from ancient chinese and they still make almost everything we own. Ancient Greece and Ancient China had many differences but were also alike in some ways. They were similar because the both treated woman with little or no respect. Woman had hardly if any say and will in what they did. They are also similar for their economy. They both thrived in trade and had many trade routes. Trade made them wealthier than ever. Though these two ancient civilization have much in common they also were different in many ways. For example, theyShow MoreRelatedAncient China Versus Ancient Greece Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesAncient China Versus Ancient Greece Ancient China and Ancient Greece were two vastly different civilizations with different cultures; they shared a multitude of similar political, economic, and philosophical achievements while also inholding multiple differences. The centralized government of China differed from the independent city-states of Athens. 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Ancient China is most well known for its inventions. The Ancient Indian civilization is usually not viewed as an important society in ancient history because they kept very few written records. Most people dont know just how important Ancient India actually was in history. The scientific and mathematical contributions of Ancient Greece, China, and India have all had a greatRead MoreClassical Civilizations of Ancient Greece, Rome, and China Essay897 Words   |  4 Pagescivilizations of Greece, Rome, and China have done this, but what sets them apart from the others is their lasting significance and lasting impact they had on the world. For this reason, they are considered classical civilizat ions. To describe how Greece, Rome, and Han China are classical, there are three systems that are used; these are Economic, Social, and Political. Out of these three classical civilizations, Greece came first in history. 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Psychological Affects of End-of-Life Care Free Essays

As people approach the end of their lives, they with their families and their caregivers, face many tasks and decisions. They may be psychological, spiritual, or medical in nature, but all end-of-life choices and medical decisions have complex psychological components, ramifications, and consequences that have a significant impact on the suffering patients and their caregivers. Hospice is a special healthcare option for patients and families faced with a terminal illness. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Affects of End-of-Life Care or any similar topic only for you Order Now At Hospice there’s a multidisciplinary team of physicians, nurses social workers, bereavement counselors and volunteers that work together to address the physical, social, emotional and spiritual needs of each patient and family members (â€Å"Hospice†). The main focus of Hospice is to address the issues that are most important to the patients’ needs or wants at the end of his/her life. The term â€Å"Hospice† comes from medieval times when it referred to a place of shelter and rest for weary or ill travelers on a long journey (Hospice). The name was first applied to specialized care for dying patients by Physician Dame Cicely Saunders, who began her work with the terminally ill in 1948 and eventually went on to create the first modern hospice—St. Christopher’s Hospice—in a residential suburb of London (National). Her lecture, given to medical students, nurses, social workers, and chaplains about the concept of holistic hospice care, included photos of terminally ill cancer patients and their families, showing the dramatic differences before and after the symptom control care. This later resulted in the development of hospice care as you know it today (National). Caregiving is associated with physical, psychological, and financial burdens. Hospice nurses perform many traditional nursing duties such as observing, assessing, and recording symptoms. They still work closely with physicians, administering medications and providing emotional support, although psychologists do not have much of a presence in the hospice movement. Medications that hospice nurses administer and the symptoms they record are not intended to aid a patient in his or her recovery, but rather to make his or her remaining days as comfortable as possible (â€Å"Hospice†). Being a nurse of any kind is very difficult, but dealing every day with a dying patient requires an  extraordinary temperament, one that symbolizes great caring and patience (â€Å"Career†). It can be especially trying on nurses to attend patients who are as young as or younger than the nurse themselves are. Palliative care highlights the total well-being of the patient as well as that of loved ones and caregivers. The caregiver is there to listen, support, encourage, comfort and help the patient. Their goal is to prevent, treat, or eliminate discomfort whenever and, however it appears, never about giving up hope (â€Å"Career†). Every caregiver may be required to provide a variety of care tasks including physical, emotional, and practical. Research shows that families find personal care to be the most physically and emotionally challenging aspect of caregiving. Emotional care involves listening, talking, reading, or playing music (Collins). Providing the kind and loving companionship that patient may need during the end-of-life process. Handling insurance and other legal matters, taking care of financial concerns such as paying bills, coordinating visits with loved ones, friends and hospice staff is all a part of practical care (Collins). Along with discussing and ensuring that all of the patients’ wishes are carried out if also the healthcare power of attorney (â€Å"What†). In 2009; 66 million Americans (3 in 10 U.S. Households) reported at least one person providing unpaid care as a family caregiver (Collins). Under Medicare, hospice is primarily a program of care delivered in a person’s home by a Medicare – approved hospice. Reasonable and necessary medical and support services for the management of a terminal illness are furnished under a plan-of-care established by the beneficiary’s attending physician and the hospice team (Berry13). Hospice care is available under Medicare only if: the patient is approved for Medicare Part A, the patient’s doctor and the hospice medical director certify that the patient is terminally ill with six months or less to live if the disease runs its expected course, the patient signs a statement choosing hospice care instead of standard Medicare benefits for the terminal illness, or the patient receives care from a Medicare-approved hospice program (â€Å"Hospice†). Hospice care can be provided by an agency or organization that is primarily engaged in furnishing services to terminally ill individuals and their families. To receive Medicare payment, the agency or organization must be approved by Medicare to provide hospice services (Berry15). Approval for hospice is required even if the agency or  organization is already approved by Medicare to provide other kinds of health services. Medicare pays the hospice directly at specified rates depending on the type of care given each day. The hospice can charge five percent of the reasonable cost, up to a maximum of five dollars, for each prescription for outpatient drugs or biological for pain relief and symptom management related to the terminal illness (Collins). When Medicare beneficiaries choose hospice care, they give up the right to standard Medicare benefits only for treatment of the terminal illness. If the patient, who must have Part A in order to use the Medicare hospice benefit, also has Medicare Part B, he or she can use all appropriate Medicare Part A and Part B benefits for the treatment of health problems unrelated to the terminal illness. When standard benefits are used, the patient is responsible for Medicare’s deductible and coinsurance amounts (Berry 14). All services required for treatment of the terminal illness must be provided by or through the hospice. If not through the hospice then Medicare will not pay for treatment for the terminal illness which is not for symptom management and pain control. If you receive care given by another healthcare provider that was not arranged by the patients’ hospice or if the patient is receiving duplicate care Medicare will no longer fund in the patients’ healthcare (Berry14). When a patient is expected to live six months or less is when hospice is referred. Although many hospice patients have cancer as their primary diagnosis, hospice provides care to patients of all ages who are dealing with any potentially life-limiting illness, including Alzheimer’s, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dementia, and emphysema. Once the patient has been diagnosed and chooses hospice care, this can generally take place at home or as in-patient care. Hospice neither prolongs life nor hastens death, but controls pain and discomfort allowing a person to live as fully and comfortably as possible during life’s final journey (â€Å"Career†). Pain control is one of the central goals of hospice care. Every person facing a serious illness hopes for as little pain as possible. Fortunately, with advances in modern medicine, physical suffering can now be almost entirely manages, and in some cases eliminated. From the legal standpoint, the federal guidelines regulating hospice require the hospice to make every reasonable effort to assure that the patient’s pain is controlled (Berry3). Most state laws governing hospice  also make pain control a primary and required component of hospice care. The hospice Interdisciplinary Team and the hospice Registered Nurse case manager are focused on making sure the patient is comfortable. The Attending Physician who orders all medications should be focused on the same goal, and in many cases does see to it that the patient is kept comfortable. Unfortunately, for varying reasons, some physicians may not order the needed medications to adequately control the patient’s pain (Berry4). In these cases, the hospice staff must intervene to protect the patient and make sure the patient gets what is needed to control pain. The hospice Medical Director, being a physician, has the authority to give medical orders and can intervene to provide the patient with the needed medications. In fact, the hospice Medical Director is required by law to make sure the patient’s medical needs are met; these needs include medication for pain (Berry4). When dealing with patients and families in hospice care, the psychological and social needs of both patients and family members must be met in order to improve the quality of life throughout the dying process. Many caregivers and loved ones feel overwhelmed by the fact that end-of-life may be near for someone they love; you have to have realization that the patient is not going to get any better despite your best care. It may bring feelings of frustration, anger, sadness, grief and loss to the family of the patient (â€Å"What†). Ignoring feelings of depression, anxiety, confusion or delirium can be harmful†¦ Expressing can be freeing. 48 children and spousal caregivers of hospice patients and 36 controls were evaluated shortly before deaths of their loved ones and again at 2, 7, and 13 months after their deaths. All subjects were administered the Hamilton Raitina Scale for depression, symptom innovatory and the Texas Revised instrument of Grief (Dutton 30). Caring for a loved one who is nearing death can be important time of growth for caregivers. Experience can bring a deep sense of joy and satisfaction in having helped to make a loved one’s last days happier, and more peaceful. Studies indicate that the majority of patients would like their spiritual issues addressed. Spirituality has to do with respecting the inherent value and dignity of all patients. It is very important for the patients’ beliefs to be known to healthcare workers so the patient is not disrespected in any way by the healthcare worker (Karnes2). Patients tend to become more spiritually connected during end-of-life care because they are  nearing the end of their journey. Families are impacted emotionally and spiritually and will be grieving the loss of their lived one whereas their journey is beginning (Karnes6). When a loved one dies, mourning is an essential step in the healing process for those suffering the pain and confusion of loss (Karnes8). Counselors work with clients to validate the experience of grief, find the strength and coping skills, and eventually regain a sense of hope (Karnes7). While grief is very personal, there are many common experiences that accompany the death of a loved one. Talking with a counselor helps clients learn more about the natural process of grief and identify areas of strength and support, as well as areas of potential growth (Collins). Grief support group sessions provide the opportunity for people to meet others who are experiencing similar losses. Grief that accompanies the death of a loved one often comes in waves-and sometimes those waves arrive in the days and weeks that follow. At other times, it may be months-or even years- before the reality of the loss sinks in (Karnes11). Family members may also be grieving over the fact that financial issues may accompany them after their loved one passes. There is always help for any patient or family member in need. After learning more about Hospice and the care that they provide it’s more of a â€Å"safe haven† and a place of comfort for you or your loved ones that are passing. Many others would personally choose hospice as their end-of-life care. How to cite Psychological Affects of End-of-Life Care, Essays

Pablo Neruda free essay sample

Throughout Neruda’s poetry, evidence of his participation in modernist activity is easily located. His political ideas also encouraged the modernist design of new reform amongst the people. Neruda was born on July 12, 1904 in Parral, Chile. At the age of 13 he published his first work in the local daily newspaper. From 1918 to mid-1920 he published numerous poems such as ‘Mis Ojos† and essays in local magazines. In 1921 he moved to Santiago with intentions of becoming a teacher but ended up with poetry. Pablo was known as a communist in Chile, due to his political views and literature. Due to that he was exiled from Chile for some time. During his mourning over not being in his native country, he wrote a lot of poetry in name of Chile. One of those being, â€Å"If You Forget Me†. Throughout his lifetime Neruda married three times and divorced twice. Pablo also was awarded for his literary and political work. We will write a custom essay sample on Pablo Neruda or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1938 Neruda was appointed special consul for Spanish immigration in Paris. In 1970 Pablo also won the Nobel Prize. Some of his Literary Works and Publications consist of â€Å"Residence on Earth†, â€Å"The House at Isla Negra†. â€Å"The YellowHeart†, and â€Å"The Stones of Chile†. (â€Å"Pablo Neruda† Poetswww. poets. org) (â€Å"Pablo Neruda† Wikipediawww. wikipedia. ord/wiki/Pablo_Neruda) ? â€Å"If You Forget Me† was written in 1952 while Neruda had been exiled from his country. Although it has been rumored that this poem was written for his last love Matilde Urrutia, it really wasn’t. He wrote it in honor of his passion for Chile. The content of this poem discusses the speaker’s love and passion towards something. The theme is oriented around the consequences of not loving the speaker back and how the speaker feels for the referred person. This poem isn’t too out of the ordinary because of its neatly written in stanzas. This poem has tons of imagery, repetition, alliteration, similes, metaphors, personifications, syntax, parallelism, hyperboles, and irony. The imagery in this poem describes different objects to help support the show of his feelings. For example, â€Å"†¦as if everything thatexists aromas, light, metals, were little boats that sail toward those isles of yours that wait for me. † The line, â€Å"ah, my love, ah my own† is used as figurative language in this form to evoke an emotion or image to the readers. The tone of the poem seems to be a bit demanding and saddening to me. The demeaning side shows when the speaker would tell his â€Å"lover† to not come back if the feelings between them would ever change. My first reaction of this poem led to me thinking the speaker was mostly depressed but after analyzing it. Thoroughly I spotted the demeaning side of the speaker. ?According to the two literary criticisms that I found on this poem, they both spoke about the confession of his love to a significant other, the fact that the speaker would make sacrifices for his â€Å"lover†. What is not too common in knowledge of this poem is that it is written about Pablo’s native country, Chile. He was exiled to Isla Negra and it was there where his inspiration and mourning over Chile came into play. During this time Pablo’s themes were political, saturated, dreamy, and passionate. If You Forget Me† really stood out as being extremely passionate. The following lines explains whether he lives in peace or danger, whenever he is abroad he is always thinking of his homeland of Chile. â€Å"If I look at the crystal moon, at the red branch of the slow autumn at my window, if I touch near the fire the impalpable ash or the wrinkled body of the log, everything carries me to you. † (Reyes â€Å"If You Forget Me†Blogspot www. reyesjacilyn. blogspot. com). Neruda explains other feelings in these next lines of the third stanza, â€Å"Well, now, if little by little. The words ‘little by little’ indicate that the longer he must endure such hostility the less is his affection for his country. Throughout the poem you can tell that it was written in forgiveness for having to leave. Neruda returned to Chile in 1952, which was the same year of the birth of this poem. He remained living in his homeland for the rest of his life. He ended up dying o f heart failure in 1973. â€Å"Pablo Neruda was known as a great man and a brilliant poet, his work will never be forgotten. † (â€Å"Boatrannn’s Blog: If You Forget Me† WordPresswww. boatrannn. wordpress. com). ?

The Boldness Of Courage Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Boldness of Courage ?You're the Devil's man!? (118), Mary Warren cried out when she accused John Proctor of working for the devil. Courage is defined as mental or moral strength to face danger without fear. This is supported in Arthur Miller's The Crucible. Throughout the Salem witch trials in the 1600's, courage was that good people held in to, even through the toughest times. To illustrate this, an example of someone with courage is John Proctor. Proctor is a farmer with a wife, Elizabeth, and three young boys. He quietly suffers from guilt caused by an affair he had with a young woman named Abigail Williams. He is contrite and solicitous in his wife's presence, and he yearns to regain her respect. John shows his courage when he has to make a life and death decision to lie and say that he is involved in witchcraft, which will prevent his execution, or to deny being a witch and be hanged. Proctor, after being questioned by Judge Danforth about being involved in witchcraft, stated that he was. Danforth was then having Proctor sign a confession, but he argued with Danforth saying, ? I have confessed myself! Is there no good penitence but it be in public? God does not need my name nailed upon the church! God sees my name; God knows how black my sins are!? (142). When Danforth would not give up the argument with Proctor to sign the confession, he asked, ?Then explain to me, Mr. Proctor, why will you not let me have it? ? (143), Proctor answered, ? Because it is my name... Because I lie and sign myself to lies!... I have given you my soul; leave me my name!? (143). Danforth then explained to Proctor, if the confession was a lie, he would not accept it. Proctor, with his breast heaving and his eyes staring, he tore the confession and crumpled it up, while he wept in fury. Danforth then ordered for him to be hung ? high over the town ? (143). John Proctor showed courage for his friends and family and by doing it, helped put an end to the unfair courts of Salem. Another good example of with a good deal of courage is Giles Corey. Giles is a 83-year old landowner who is sturdy, mettlesome, and fiercely independent. He's unenlightened and pig-headed, but at the same time, warm-hearted and undaunted. He reveals himself to be a great man of awesome courage and will when he would not answer ?aye or nay to his indictment? (135). When Elizabeth Proctor was telling her husband, John, about it, she explained, ? great stones they lay upon his chest until he plead aye or nay. They say he give them two words. ? More weight', he says. And died. ? (135). Giles Corey's wife, Martha, and all of his friends, had already been convicted of witchcraft, so he had probably decided that he had nothing to live for. Giles humbly protested the one-sided courts by sacrificing himself as an example to his friends to stay strong and to not give up in what they believed is wrong. John Proctor could have easily used Giles Corey as an example, because Proctor learned of Giles' death before he had to make his decision of confessing or being executed. The next courageous person in The Crucible is Reverend John Hale. Reverend Hale is the church authority on demonology. He is summoned to Salem to find out if Reverend Parris' daughter Betty, who is suffering from an unexplained illness, has been hexed by witchcraft. Reverend Hale is proud of his scholarly expertise, and is glad to come to Salem to give his professional input on the situation. He displayed acts of courage when he got extremely frustrated about how unjust and ridiculous Danforth and the trials were, so he stood up and yelled, ? I denounce these proceedings, I quit this court! ? (120). Reverend Hale then comes back later to help those convicted by trying to persuade them to confess and live, rather than be hanged. By doing this, Reverend Hale shows great moral courage. He gives up everything he has worked for in his demonology career by going against the court, and trying to persuade innocent people to confess because he feels horribly responsible for bringing the hysteria to Salem. Reverend Hale is one of

Response Paper 3

Response Paper 3 Response Paper 3 Response to Jospeh Reidy’s â€Å"Black Men in Navy Blue During the Civil War† The American Civil War era is well known to be the catalyst for major changes in the country. It resulted in the union of the previously opposing Northern and Southern states, the solidification of the importance of the armed forces, and the abolishment of slavery as a legalized institution. Reidy’s article places its focus on the last, and what is considered to be one of the most important, results of the Civil War. He makes the argument that change was not a sudden shift that occurred when Abraham Lincoln declared the Emancipation Proclamation, and that the case of the United States Navy was one that deserved to be more closely investigated. When a typical American is asked about the status of black military men on the side of the Union, the typical response tends to be that the group was generally a small minority, used for the lowest jobs, and were generally slaves that escaped from the Confederate states in a bid for freedom. While these ideas are based on reality, Reidy shows that the role and presence of black men in various Naval units differed from the Military units in dramatic ways. Firstly, the Navy was racially integrated, combining men of all different races upon single boats. Regarding the issue of the proportion of black men to white men, Reidy turns up some interesting facts. He finds that by the end of the war in 1864, a good twenty percent of the Navy was made up of black men, in

Affecting Consumer Behavior Toward China Children Toys

Lego is one of the most reputed organizations known for having amused and nurtured the building as well as the motor skills of children all over the world. Lego’s reputation lies especially in the fact that it appeals to the children, and parents alike. While the children are attracted by the fact that the toys produced by Lego let them build their own creations, the parents are simply attracted by the educational purpose these toys serve (Moreau & Engeset, 2016) .However, the growth of the organization has never been free from challenges, and in order to sustain itself in future, Lego must be able to evaluate the variety of strategic choices available to the company. Before developing the effective strategies necessary for Lego, a SWOT analysis will help in understanding the situation in a better way: It is not just a toy factory, but it serves to educate the children as well. Its educative value has a great appeal to the consumers. It has earned huge brand recognition across fifty five countries. The market is diversified, as it consists of video games, movies and merchandise. Good advertisement and promotional strategies. Huge competition from rival organizatons. The growing popularity of online games among the children. Further product diversification for different age groups is beneficial. Lego can extend its production to other parts of the world, which are experienced in the manufacture of toys. There is a huge lack of innovation. The organization can face huge competition from other low-cost toy products, as well as the new electronic products (Biancamaria et al., 2014). Although Lego has gained unprecedented popularity among the children, the organization has recently failed to retain its high position in the consumer market, and this would not have happened if the organization could keep on innovating itself with time. Definitely, the Lego brand has been introducing a variety of products, such as video games, jewelry sets as well as amusement parks, however, what went wrong was that it failed to keep its focus on the products, and needless to say it was taking haphazard business decisions.   The discipline in the management system was totally missing. There are organizations such as Mega Blocs, which though are imitating the products of Lego, are offering the products at too cheap a price. Hence, these organizations, which are imitating the products of Lego, are using cheaper materials and yet attracting consumers (Koh et al., 2012). Besides, with the emergence of video games and the variety of free online games, children are losing interest in t he toys offered by Lego. Another emerging issue with Lego has been the organization’s focus on a narrow target audience, as a result of which it is unable to gain the attention of a huge number of consumers. The organization has also been encountering a stiff competition from China, as the nation is much popular for its toy markets, which are also operating globally, and apart from the theme-based toys or traditional toys, educational toys are also popularly found in the market (Hawking, 2013).    Robertson claimed that an organization, before introducing innovation must possess sufficient knowledge about what would be the direction of the innovation. Controlled innovation is highly important for an organization, and here in case of Lego, it can be seen that though it tried to introduce disruptive ideas in business, it failed to overlook the commercial gains for the sake of too much focus on creative ideas (Drucker, 2014).   While the Lego group thought that it was enhancing its revenue through market diversification, the over diversification of the products made their business highly irrelevant and directionless (Power et al., 2016). Certain toy-manufacturing organizations are using the competitive pricing policy for selling their products, and hence the parents irrespective of the brand recognition, are getting attracted to their products, since they are reluctant to invest too much for a toy. The main target customers of Lego has been the children aged between 3 to 12 yea rs, and though the organization has gradually diversified its products for manufacturing toys for toddlers and teens, it did not manufacture anything attractive that could gain the attention of the adults (McGraw et al., 2013). To make the business more sustainable in future, Lego must adopt innovative business ideas that will help in pushing the business forward. The organization must focus on a few products, very much relevant and meaningful in the toy- manufacturing business, instead of the theme parks and the apparels. The organization needs to shut down its theme parks, as it is very much capital intensive, and is hardly offering any lucrative returns to the owners. The organization has been tapping a huge number of franchises; however, before doing the same, the organization must have a strategic and well-integrated approach. Lego is losing market to the virtual games and other rival organizations and hence it is important to stick to the Lego movie concept. Further, the organization must adopt very effective promotional strategies, and the organization must keep on interacting with the consumers via social media platforms. Knowing the target market, broadening the market, and instead of diversifying too much, producing limited products for a wide range of consumers, is always a highly beneficial idea. The organization must come up with compelling online game ideas that can attract the consumers irrespective of age and sex. In addition, it should also introduce a few interesting, participatory games in the â€Å"family fun† category. The organization instead of setting up stores in China, should tie up with a popular Chinese toy-manufacturing organization. In order to bring consumer interest in the toys produced by Lego, it can not only take use of social media marketing strategy, but also can arrange competitions in schools, launching new or re-introducing existent products (Anh, 2014). As and when the organization will stop its aggressive expansion, it will be able to focus much better on limited products, both in terms of production as well as promotion. Online gaming is achieving enormous popularity among the children of the present generation, and hence creating great graphics introducing fun and interesting games via online sites, can help in boosting the recognition of Lego. Strategic alliance with the famous Chinese companies can considerably help Lego in achieving greater recognition in the Chinese market, while also helping it acquire greater expertise necessary for serving the changing needs of the consumers. Anh, V. N. (2014).  Analysis factors affecting consumer behavior toward China children toys in Ho Chi Minh City  (Doctoral dissertation, International University HCMC, Vietnam). Biancamaria, S., Lamy, A. and Mognard, N. (2014), May. Analysis of SWOT spatial and temporal samplings over continents. In  EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts  (Vol. 16, p. 16904). Drucker, P. (2014).  Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Hawking, S. (2013). Rebuild your childhood with ourLego brick competition.New Scientist,  220(2948), 85. Koh, K.K., Choo, K.W.J. and Chong, K.C. (2012). Lego Challenge for competition project. McGraw, J. J., Wallot, S., Mitkidis, P., & Roepstorff, A. (2014). Culture’s building blocks: investigating cultural evolution in a LEGO construction task.Frontiers in psychology,  5. Moreau, C. P., & Engeset, M. G. (2016). The Downstream Consequences of Problem-Solving Mindsets: How Playing with LEGO Influences Creativity.Journal of Marketing Research,  53(1), 18-30. Powers, C., Spear, R., Wood, D., & Harish, A. (2016). The Re-designed Lego. Getting academic assistance from

Building a supportive program for new teachers in Italy Essay

Building a supportive program for new teachers in Italy - Essay Example First group contains novice teachers in order to gain their perspective about the program, their demands and concerns. The other group would consist of mentor teachers in order to gain their perspective, developing a strategy to provide help and the best way to support beginning teachers. Also, Questionnaires will be used besides observation and note taking. Using questioners might help to supporting the findings of the case study. In Italy large number of new teachers is hired each year. Each of these new teachers is expected to assume the same responsibilities as veteran teachers on the first day of employment. With limited experience and limited support, they are expected to provide a quality educational experience for the students in their classrooms. Most schools in Italy are traditional in structure, hence each of the new teachers taught in a self-contained classroom. Novice teacher, newly experiencing the problems of teaching, are alone with their students for the majority of the day, trying to identify and satisfy the needs of several students with unique needs. This isolation limited the support and assistance that novices could gain from their more experienced colleagues and could have added to feeling of stress and anxiety. The principal, the sole administrator of the institution, had not much time available to observe the development of their newly appointed staff. Also, some administrators feel that their presence is threatening and stress provoking so they opt to allow the novice to develop on his/her own.Nowadays people are concerned with the quality of education more than ever. Why then had the supportive program for novice teachers and their concerns not been addressed? ... Educational regulations in Italy required non-tenured teachers to be observed in certain time period. Unfortunately, few received any supportive instructions in the classrooms. The principal, the sole administrator of the institution, had not much time available to observe the development of their newly appointed staff. Also, some administrators feel that their presence is threatening and stress provoking so they opt to allow the novice to develop on his/her own. Nowadays people are concerned with the quality of education more than ever. Why then had the supportive program for novice teachers and their concerns not been addressed Kilgore and Kozisek (1998) and Huling-Austin (1998) felt that educators did not view teachers' supportive program as a pressing need and are not familiar with the body of knowledge related to this area. Limited support, isolation and anxiety are realities of induction year (Fuller, 1969, 207-226). As educators, we knew that the emotional well being of a child was an important factor in their ability to learn. Did it not seem reasonable to ensure that same senses of well being to our novice teachers so that they would learn and grow into responsive and effective teachers The aim of the current paper is to outline the study of building a supportive program for novice teachers in Italy, in order to solve the problems faced by novice teachers. Problems Encountered Novice teachers, being new to the problem of teaching become isolated from the institutional environment because of the system prevailed in Italian schools. This surely limits their ability to prosper from the experience of their veteran colleagues and thereby taking lot of stress. This and lack of any supportive program throughout their earlier

Painful Shoulder Medical Treatment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Painful Shoulder Medical Treatment - Case Study Example SH: The patient is a mother of two boys, the youngest being 7 years old. She is single and lives with the two boys and a younger sister. She is a business woman and travels to and from work daily on her motorcycle. She does not smoke or take alcohol.O/E: Looks stable and well oriented. She is however in pain but can walk in her own without support (Davies et al. 2011, p.6). She gives her own history,Head and Neck: NADTrunk: NADHands: slight bruising on the right palm. Patient was wearing riding gloves during the accident.  Right shoulder:Anterior Aspect:  Minimal swelling over the SC Joint, Clavicle, AC Joint and     Trapezius muscle, slight bruising with no obvious deformity, no visible wound.Bony tenderness noted over the SC Joint, Clavicle, AC Joint.  Ã‚  No bony tenderness over the Acromion Process, coracoid process, non - tender on deltoid muscle, pectoralis major and biceps muscleNerves: Regimental Badge Sign Tested-full sensation noted on deltoid muscle- Axillary, Br achial Plexus, Median, Ulnar and Radial nerve-sensation intact and compare to the left arm.Posterior Aspect:  No bruising or obvious deformity, no erythema or wound, skin intact compare to left shoulder.Slight Tenderness over the trapezius muscle, non-tender over the scapula, acromion process, Supraspinatus muscle, Infraspinatus muscle and Latissimus Muscle.Active Movement: Retraction-reduced and painful over the shoulderProtraction-reduced and painful over the shoulderElevation-reduced and painful over the shoulder

Supervision Notes Essay Example for Free

Supervision Notes Essay A1. A duty of care effectively means that as a carer it is our job to always act in the best interests of those individuals that we provide care for. This not only includes treating them how they like to be treated but also protecting them from harm, even if thats from themselves. As long as you are competent in the roles that you are being asked to perform it is the carers obligation to protect service users and remove them from harmful situations. A2. As a carer you not only have a duty of care to the service user you support, but also other staff, your employers and members of the public. When you act in persons best interests you must do so with that persons consent unless they lack the capacity to understand that it is in their best interest to comply. For example when you support a service user to a doctors appointment and they will not allow the doctor to inspect their injuries, your duty of care to that individual dictates that you act in their best wishes and so may have to go against what the individual wants in order for them to get treatment. You should follow company policies and procedures concerning your duty of care and follow/write up risk assessments for any perceivable risks. You should also ensure that you always act to the best of your ability to be trustworthy, respecting service users dignity, with compassion and integrity to ensure they are safe. A3. The care providing companys duty of care is to both the service users and the staff who work for them. They should ensure your knowledge and skillset are suitable and updated regularly and that you are fully trained and competent at tasks that are expected of you. This would include writing and updating polices and procedures for staff to follow as well as responding to any complaints or reported risks, then taking corrective action to keep everyone safe. The company must keep accurate and up to date records of the care and support that is being provided, including any assessments of a persons capacity and the rationale for decisions taken on their behalf. They should also protect all individuals confidentiality  unless some details directly effect the duty of care over another service user, staff member or the public. Overall the companys duty of care must ensure that they are assisting/enabling you as a carer to complete your duty of care towards your service users and do all that is reasonable to ensure both staff and clients are kept safe at all times. A4. In our role as a carer we have a duty of care to protect service users and ensure all safeguarding issues are raised with our employer or government agency. To ensure effective safeguarding we should raise any health and/or safety concerns we notice at work such as poor working practises, lack of equipment or training and suspicion of abuse or neglect. Even if these complaints are aimed at the company we work for, it is the carers duty to notify the authorities or the carers themselves could be accused of neglect or incompetence by failing to act. If carers take their duty of care seriously, as we all should, by following legislation, the polices and procedures and respecting those we provide care for by protecting them from harm we ensure the service users are safeguarded. Task C Guidance notes C1. Your company should have a Complaints Procedure in place and will often be found within the policies and procedures file. The main purpose of it is to ensure that the complaints procedure is properly and effectively implemented and that service users feel confident knowing their complaints and worries are listened to and acted upon promptly and fairly. This should correspond to meet the minimum standards when processing complaints as outlined in the laws that govern it. When dealing with complaints companys are to ensure that service users and their representatives, carers and visitors are made aware of how to complain and that the company makes it easy for them to register such complaints. A named person is responsible for administration, processing and investigating any complaints received. Once a complaint is lodged it should be acknowledged in writing by the company and state what will happen next. Complaints should be dealt with promptly, fairly and sensitively with due regard to the distress that may be caused to both staff and service users involved. If the company believes that the  complaint is best dealt with and settled at a local, in house level between the complainant and the accused then it may chose to do so. However if either of the parties are not satisfied by this process the case could be referred to the Care Quality Commission. Either way the company must do all it can to fully investigate any complaints and ensure that all preventative and/or disciplinary procedures are followed to prevent it reoccurring. The legal requirement for dealing with complaints include the Health and Social Care Act 2010, Freedom of Information act and National Minimum Standards complaints policy. These standards require care home managers to have clear procedures that enable service users to make their views, concerns and worries known, and to reassure them that appropriate action will be taken. Policies and procedures for dealing with suspicion or evidence of physical, financial, psychological or sexual abuse, neglect, self harm or degrading behaviour should also be put in place. These standards should ensure that every care home has clear and effective complaints procedure, which includes the stage of, and time scales, for the process and detail what will happen to look into and prevent further incidents. Everything should be documented and kept on record for further study to ensure an efficient service and that any potential similar incidents can be prevented. C2. Taking both the legal and organisational requirements into consideration, we must respond openly, calmly and appropriately to any comment or complaint made to us. When a complaint is made to you then you should ensure that the individual making it understands how to follow the correct complaints procedure. This includes explaining how the system works, what they can expect as a result of their complaints and when they hear back from the company. You may need to support individuals completing the process and you should remain objective , professional and act with integrity throughout. You should make no promises to those who complain but reassure them and ensure that all complaints are taken seriously, that it will be investigated properly and that they are kept informed throughout the process. You should also inform your manager as soon as is possible so that any safeguarding issues can be put into place straight away. We should never discourage individuals from making a valid complaint and never discuss any concerns raised with any staff members other  than your manager. Complaints procedures are to be followed because they allow people to express their concerns and ensure that all accidents, claims of abuse and risks are identified and acted upon. Complaints allow the company and staff to ensure they are working safely, that they make necessary improvements and that all service users are happy and safe when accessing care services. It is the service users, staff and family members right to complain when they feel something is not right and its our legal duty to ensure we take their concerns seriously and find a solution.

Childrens Story Puss in Boots :: Child Literature Fairy Tales Puss Boots Essays

Children's Story Puss in Boots A close examination of the tale type 545-b (according to Aarne and Thompson) (1) reveals a well known, almost universal tale of man and animal helper. There are many consistencies between western tradition and Central Asian renditions. Several themes are parallel yet cultural influences vary some of the plot details. The political and social structures of the time in which these stories were told shape these details and lays the background for the story. The most significant difference between western versions and those of Central Asia seems to be which animal plays the role of hero, cat or fox. The story of â€Å"Puss In Boots† is a children’s favorite. It is one of Charles Perrault’s most well known fairy tales. The tale originated from oral tradition in the East. It has undergone many changes over a long time period and a wide geographic area. Today many literary adaptations of this famous story fill classrooms, libraries and children’s bookshelves world-wide. â€Å"Versions with a cat as a protagonist are predominantly found in Western Europe...† (2) However, the historical renditions of the tale as well as many modern adaptations have a fox as the protagonist. It was the arrival of the tale to Southwestern Europe that saw the character change to a feline. According to Marianthi Kaplanoglou, in Central Asian tales, specifically Mongolian, Tibetan, and Alti-Turkish, the animal-helper is a fox. The fox is known in myths and tales from China, Korea, and Japan as a mythical creature. They are often associated with Mangus, a typical demon of Central Asian tales. He or his relatives are able to transform into foxes at any given time. According to tradition, a poor hunter spares the life of a fox, who repays the favor by helping the man. The animal , either fox or cat, introduces the young man as a person of wealth who was robbed by highway men. He captures animals and presents them to the ruler. The fox then arranges for the wedding of the man to the rulers’ daughter. The tale continues with the fox killing the owner of a large fortune. This owner is usually Mangus . In this tale, the fox proves beneficial to the man and therefore becomes an adversary of Mangus. The killing of this supernatural being then becomes a just act rather tha n one of maliciousness. The young man has acquired fortune, married the daughter of a person of great wealth and power.

Case Study Team and Team Processes

In the case study Team and Team Processes, Nurse A and Nurse B have two different concepts of what is team work. Johnson (2009) states that,† a team is a type of group. Consequently, all teams are groups, but not all groups are teams. The following three interventions will discuss conflict management, role conflict, and striving toward the same goal. This paper will discuss the case study variances in Nurse A and Nurse B teams. In the following paper I will classify a minimum of three interventions to recommend addressing concerns expressed by Nurse B. The interventions being discussed are conflict management, role conflict, and striving toward the same goal. In closing, the recommended interventions will be justified and explanation. A group consists of two or more people who interact with each other and share a common purpose (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). A team is a type of group (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). Teams are a critical fragment of any group, particularly within healthcare organization. Each person on a team plays a vital role in ensuring that all needs are met, task are completed daily, and patients are being cared for properly. Teams are an important portion of any organization, particularly within healthcare. Each person on a team plays a vibrant part in confirming all organization prerequisites are met, undertaking are complete regularly, and patients are properly being cared for. Teamwork and collaboration between all health professionals results in high quality clinical care, and increased job satisfaction for staff (Begley, 2009). When team members disagree on the same goal, usually it ends in conflict among the team. Healthcare managers understand it is important to control and manage conflicts within the organization. The fundamentals to positive conflict management is for both teams to assist in solving the conflict and problem oppose to proving each other wrong. In the case study Nurse B express concerns regarding working with equivalent staff members of the surgical team. The moral and atmosphere of the team is increasingly deteriorating. In addition, the team’s job contentment and desire to go to work has severely been impacted. For a team to be effective providing quality care, the atmosphere of the team should be received and respected. Better outcomes will be achieved when team members perceive supportive team atmosphere and an empowering team contact with clear and jointly developed goals, an appropriate mix of skill and expertise, and rewards links to team performance (Proenca 2007). After additional analysis of the case study, conflict management among team members should always be addressed. Resolving conflict can be a continuous balancing act for healthcare staff because it is demanding and confusing. Conflict management is vital for the success of healthcare organizations. Learning, as an organization, to constructively manage and succeed in conflict situations is a foundational construct of leadership and management (Ledlow, 2009). Currently six different conflict styles exist: (1) accommodating, (2) avoiding, (3) collaborating, (4) competing, (5) compromising and (6) problem solving. The surgical team displays conflict style of avoiding â€Å"potential disruption outweighs the benefits of resolution, gathering information supersedes immediate decision making, others can resolve the conflict more effectively and issues seem a result of other issues,† (Ledlow, 2009). Nurse B instead of having to contract the Physician Assistant regarding the issues, should have been comfortable enough to address the concern with the physician. The surgical team of Nurse B is experiencing role conflict. Conflict arises when a focal person’s ideas of his or her requirements are incongruent with expectations from roles set members (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). In healthcare organization it is important for all staff to know and understand his or her role. For Nurse B team to be an effective and successful team each member should identify what type of teams is essential and mutually allows the job to get done. When the teams comes together the effort will demonstrate group cohesion. Once the team is established, each member must continuously try to strive towards the same objectives and goals. A good recommendation for Nurse B surgical team is Intervention techniques. Intervention always help to improve situations among the team. Intervention can be wither conflict resolution or training sessions, team structure made by changes, and developing guidelines identifying team members roles. Intervention provides training for team members on what procedures are current and procedures no longer being utilized. Goal setting training leads to greater effectiveness at the individual level and improved team efficiency (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). In conclusion, the surgical team of Nurse B will be effective once team’s members identify his or her conflicts and works as a team, consequently refining the effectiveness and value of the unit. In a team, individuals’ actions are interdependent and coordinated, each member has a specified role, and members share common task goals or objectives (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). Conflict management and role conflict can hinder the success of a team. Role conflict arises when a focal person’s ideas of his or her requirements are incongruent with expectations from role set members (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). Communication and trust is important to any team with a healthcare organization. A key element to healthy group dynamics is role expectation or communication. Healthcare manager’s role is to ensure that every person of the team understands what his or her role are. . Healthcare administrators must take steps to design better teams, train team members to work together, manage team performance, structure the work performed by the team and provide support to team members (Erpfeev, Glazer & Ivanitskaya, 2009).

Interpersonal communication Essay

The book basically talks about the different ways on how to win friends and become popular. Dale Carnegie gives different tips on how to make different people like you, and how to make others accept and believe in what you are thinking. Carnegie basically makes it easier for readers to understand more effective relationship styles. Carnegie used to teach general public speaking. However, he realized that such wasn’t enough for effective business and felt that his students lacked the skill of simply making friends with new people, which is why he made a book on how to make new friends and other relational issues. Dale Carnegie also felt that he lacked such skills himself. So this is a two way experience for him, both teaching and learning at the same time. Digging in to the deeper purpose of creating such book, the Carnegie Institute of Technology made a study which showed that a financial successful person owes 15 percent to their technical knowledge and the rest to â€Å"skill in human engineering-to personality and the ability to lead people† (Carnegie, 1964). Another reason was that, it is easy to find applicants who had the perfect skills for their jobs- engineering, medicine, accounting, you name it, there are plenty of skilled professionals out there. However, there are not a lot who possess such skills and at the same time have the ability to have effective interpersonal communication and relational skills, which is why Dale Carnegie developed a book which serves as a manual for those who lack such skills. Lastly, there is a need for a book which basically serves as a guide for dummies on how to get other people to like them and how to find more friends. Becoming an effective leader is also a part of what the book teaches, and is what readers will get out of reading it. During the first part of Dale Carnegie’s â€Å"How to Win Friends and Influence People†, he talks about the basic styles and techniques that you can handle people. He basically had three principles in this topic. The first principle is to work with people without criticizing, condemning or complaining. It is important for aspiring leaders to omit such acts because people will not follow a leader who does not listen to what they are saying. The second principle says to â€Å"give honest and sincere appreciation† (Carnegie, 1964). According to Carnegie, flattery is always effective. Of course, everybody wants to feel good. It is so effective in fact that â€Å"Even Queen Victoria was susceptible to flattery† (Carnegie, 1964). However, the negative thing with flattery is that, it is fake and insincere. What Carnegie suggests is for us to give out something positive and honest- which is called appreciation. There is always something positive in everybody, and that is what every effective leader needs to look for. The last principle is to get from other people the â€Å"eager want†. Carnegie mentioned that, we should not talk about what we want, because nobody else will listen to us. Instead, we should talk about something we know others would like to talk about. This will definitely get them interested, especially in doing something for you. Part two of the book discusses the different ways to get people to like you. The first principle tells us to become genuinely interested in other people. Carnegie used his dog as an example or even just dogs generally. They did not study psychology to know how people could like them. They simply liked people genuinely, which is why people liked them back. If you like someone, it becomes almost impossible to resist liking you back. If you genuinely like other people, then you will be welcome anywhere you go (Carnegie, 1964). The next principle is fairly easy and sounds quite simple. However, it is forgotten most of the time, and people forget the magic that it does. One word: Smile. Carnegie mentioned that the smile that people wear on their faces is far more important than what clothes they wear. And the saying â€Å"actions speak louder than words† is very true. Smiles are very important because they say â€Å"I like you, you make me happy. I am glad to see you. † (Carnegie, 1964). This can be proven when babies smile and everybody around them melts. It is the same thing with adults, as long as smiles are genuine. Third principle for people to like you is the simple gesture of remembering the names of the people you meet. It always isn’t a good impression to ask for people’s names the second time around, much more the third. Remembering names are so important in fact that when you â€Å"Remember that name and call it easily, and you have paid a subtle and very effective compliment† (Carnegie, 1964). However, when you forget one name, it will give you a bad impression and will work to your disadvantage. The last three principles of the second part of Carnegie’s work are all connected to each other. First is to â€Å"be a good listener and encourage other to talk about themselves†, next is to talk about the other person’s likes and interests and not talk about you. And the last, is to â€Å"make the other person feel important, sincerely†. These three are very important because if you only care about yourself and talk only about what you feel is interesting, and act like you are the only important person in the world, then no one will want to neither talk nor work with you. In fact, no one will even want to see you. Being egotistic and self centered will not do a person any good in this world. (Carnegie, 1964) Part three of dale Carnegie’s book is How to Win People to Your Way of Thinking. Principle one talks about arguments. The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it†, this is what Carnegie (1964) thinks about arguments. This is very true as, while you think you are good in winning arguments, you will never know when you might find someone who is better than you. And people always admire those who walk away from trouble. To sum the third part up, it simply says that you are to respect the way others think, a nd acknowledge their opinions. Even though you do not believe in what they are saying, you must let them speak out, because your opinion is not the only important one. Others should feel like they have a say in things, before they will believe in what you are saying. It is just a matter of reciprocity. â€Å"If we know we are going to be rebuked anyhow, isn’t it far better to beat the other person to it and do it ourselves? † (Carnegie, 1964) It is always good to admit your mistakes. Owning up to your mistakes makes people admire you more, and believe that you are actually human. In the same way that you are never to tell someone that they are wrong just because they do not agree to what you think and they have their own opinions. The first thing that you will need to get from others is respect, and the only way to get that is by showing respect to them first. For the last principles, it just says that in order to get people to believe in the way you think, you must believe in theirs as well. So in conclusion for the third part of the book, it simply means that you have to respect other people’s views, opinions and ideas in order to get them to believe yours as well. Be a Leader: How to Change People Without Giving Offense or Arousing Resentment. This is the last part of Dale Carnegie’s book. Being a leader is never easy. It may look like the easiest part of a job because you get to tell others to do the job for you. However, more responsibilities come with being a leader, such as all the different decisions that should be made. Carnegie mentions that a leader should develop an attitude that praises and appreciates the people that work for him. Another major thing that leaders should develop is before telling others what they have done wrong, tell something that they have done right first because â€Å"It is always easier to listen to unpleasant things after we have heard some praise of our good points. † (Carnegie, 1964). One more important thing for leaders to do is to â€Å"talk about your mistakes before criticizing the other person† (Carnegie, 1964). This is important, as it will not make the others feel so inferior to you as a leader. Leaders should be more humble than the rest because once superiority complex works its way in, the system will stop working. Becoming an example is another one of the most important things that a leader should follow. Encouragements are also one of the best things to do, most especially after some criticisms. I used to believe that I could communicate to others fairly well. I had a lot of friends and people liked to be around me. But after reading Dale Carnegie’s book, I have realized that I was not that effective and that there are still a lot of areas that I need to improve in. First of all, I criticize, condemn and complain a lot. I lack giving out appreciations as well. Most of the time I am self centered and whenever there are conversations I engage in, I mostly talk about topics that I prefer without even considering whether or not the one I’m conversing with is interested with what we are talking about. I also lack the heart of admitting my mistakes quickly. I sometimes tell people that they’re wrong directly, even just for not sharing the same opinion as I do. I even have the tendency to always get into arguments, even when I have the chance to avoid or get out of it. I am not comfortable in talking about my mistakes as I feel embarrassed and want to bury them in the past. One of the things that I know I am strong at is remembering a person’s name. Carnegie has mentioned that this will make people feel very important, which means I have made a lot of people important already, just by this gesture. Although I talk a lot, I make it a point to let others talk as well. I believe I am a good listener, which makes people look for me when they need someone to talk to. I am very free in giving out encouragements, as long as I feel the people are down in whatever they are doing. Even in the littlest improvement a person makes or adjusts, I notice it and give them praise. I give out constructive criticism as well, and is open to taking some for myself from others. So all in all, I have a lot more to work on, even though I have some positive traits that I already carry with me. Reading on will definitely help me improve in different aspects. I have asked my father, brother and mother to give me a peer analysis in my communication skills and my different ways of dealing with other people. They have more or less the same answers and I will only generalize and summarize the answers that they have given. They have mentioned that I criticize and condemn other people a lot may it be directly or even behind their backs. My brother told me that I judge immediately anything I see that does not pass my so called standards. Carnegie believes that this should be avoided in order to find more people to like you, to have more friends. One thing that they appreciate about me is that I give a lot of encouragements to people. They feel that this is when I am most effective when dealing with people. Even my father told me that he appreciates it when he sees me encourage different people. He also mentioned that he has seen how this affects the different people I am dealing with, and can see the changes that such encouragements have brought about. My mother mentioned that I do not easily admit my mistakes. She said that I even reason out to my actions, even if I already know that what I did was wrong. As much as I hate to admit this, it is nothing but the truth. I find it hard for me to say that I was wrong, mostly because of pride. They all agreed to one thing however, and that is I only like to talk about things that I like, and that I do not even ask them what they want to talk about or what they are interested in. This is one of the things Carnegie has mentioned that should not be around when we want to have more friends or when we want people to like us. Again, I can see that there is a lot of room for improvement when it comes to relationships and communication. The first thing that I want to remove from my negative attitude is the inability to admit when I am wrong or I have made a mistake. I think this is the first thing that would turn other people off from wanting to talk or become friends. I believe for me to be able to do this, I must lower down my pride. This will not be easy, and will take a lot of time. But if I want to improve my lifestyle, then this will definitely have to be the first thing off my negative list. The next thing I must make a move on is towards removing the act of always criticizing other people. It has almost become automatic for me to do this, as I easily judge people even at the first look or impression. This has cost me a lot of friends and friendships that might have started. I think the way to start taking this negative act from me is by always thinking positively and giving other people a chance- a chance to show their true selves. Being judgmental has always been a problem and will be a bigger problem if I do not act up on it immediately. Being less self centered and egotistic will be very important if I want to start new and stronger relationships with other people. These are only some of the things that I think I need to change. Dale Carnegie has helped me realize a lot of things. His work has definitely taught me a lot of things; things that are essential in day to day living. After all, no one can live alone. Friends and relationships with people will help us live more harmoniously and Dale Carnegie’s â€Å"How to Win Friends and Influence People† has taught me how I can have more friends and develop friends a lot easier.

What You Need to Know About Becoming a Dental Assistant

What You Need to Know About Becoming a Dental Assistant Going to the dentist’s office probably isn’t one of your favorite activities. Yet it’s a necessary part of taking care of yourself, and if you’re lucky you’ve found a great dental office and staff that make the process less painful- literally! The dental assistant is an essential member of this team, caring for patients and/or keeping the office running. If you think you might be interested in joining this career path, here’s a snapshot of the dental assisting field. What does a dental assistant do?A dental assistant’s responsibilities may include:Managing patient intakeMaintaining office recordsScheduling appointmentsAssisting the dentist during proceduresSterilizing and maintaining equipmentTaking patient x-rays (additional certification may be necessary)Teaching good oral hygiene and post-appointment care to patientsI’m squeamish about medical procedures. Can I still be a dental assistant?Yes! Many offices hire dental assista nts who primarily manage the office and perform clerical tasks like maintaining records, managing patient appointments, billing, acting as the office receptionist, and ordering and managing supplies. You’ll want to check job postings carefully to make sure that the job doesn’t require hands-on patient care or assisting the dentist during procedures.How do I become a dental assistant?In most cases, becoming a dental assistant doesn’t require a four-year college degree. However, some states require that dental assistant candidates complete a certification program and/or pass an exam, so you’ll want to be aware of your own state’s requirements before you choose this path.You’ll need strong organizational and clerical skills as a dental assistant, as well as solid communication and interpersonal skills. You’d be working with staff and patients (and you may be the first face people see when they visit your dental office), so those customer service skills are especially important in this role.How much do dental assistants make?The median salary for dental assistants is $34,500, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. According to surveys done by Payscale, dental assistant salaries can vary pretty widely depending on location and experience level at hiring. Payscale also found that salaries tended to be higher for assistants who brought strong office and business skills to their current job.Dental assistants also have high job satisfaction, per the Payscale survey: 5 out of 5 dental assistants polled said they were â€Å"extremely satisfied† with their jobs.Who’s hiring dental assistants?Many dental assistants are employed by independent or small-practice dental offices, but there are also many large firms hiring as well. Among the top corporate employers are:Aspen DentalDental Group LtdFamily Dental CareHeartland Dental CareWhat does the dental assistant career path look like?This field is has great dev elopment potential, with the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicting 25% growth by 2022. Many dental assistants also choose to go on and become Certified Dental Assistants, dental hygienists, or a number of other dental/medical certification areas and administrative roles.Now that you know what it takes to get started in this popular and rewarding field, what do you think? Could this be you in the near future?

Aspects of E-Commerce Business Solutions Coursework

Aspects of E-Commerce Business Solutions - Coursework Example The four basic technological trends that have led to a change in the technological environment within and outside an organization are as follows: - The doubling of computer power every 18 months, which we also refer to as the Moores Law; - Advancement in data storage and research techniques; - Advancement in the field of telecommunication; - The Internet. The Need for these premises in the modern day organization is as follows: - Business Transformation: this includes a class of services aimed at carrying out relevant research and applying the interpretation of the data emanating from the same in order to transform the company and render exponential growth to its operational effectiveness. - Systems and technology consultancy: this includes working with private as well as public companies and corporations to source and provide information regarding financial services, energy, government and public services, manufacturing and telecommunications, among many others, so as to promote the scope for strategic partnerships between the public and private corporations for a better information base that will help all aspects of a business. - The world has shrunk to a small speck called E-commerce, where it is now possible to exchange goods and money in the form of normal transactions. Shopping on the Internet or online shopping as it is more popularly known is that form of shopping that has almost emptied shopping malls in various parts of the world. For success in this kind of trading and information, it is important to stimulate the customer or end user in ways that will be different from normal marketing. (Nemetz, 2002) For example, it is not possible for a customer to feel the fabric of the shirt he is about to buy from an online trader. So what is it that is supposed to draw him? Similarly, the housewife cannot smell the coffee beans that she is being offered on an online grocery store – so how does she know it will be something that she will relish every morning? These are the questions that are often asked in the arena of the Internet and E-Commerce. In this regard, all the answers point towards specific simulation application that may be used and categorized as aids in online shopping.

Development of Ancient Greek Burial Customs Essay

Development of Ancient Greek Burial Customs - Essay Example While certain cultures developed deep veneration such as worshipping one’s ancestors, other cultures developed more simple attitudes such as leaving the dead to the mercy of the elements. In this sense, the burial rites and their evolution in ancient Greece was of importance since Greece is considered as the pinnacle of the earliest ancient civilizations. Burial rites underwent major transformations in ancient Greece as the civilization moved from one period to another. The practices revolved around inhumation, cremation, leaving offerings, buildings graves and tombs. Various periods had various characteristics that defined burial rites. This paper will explore the various ideas and attitudes in regards to Greek burial rites, rituals and customs that evolved over the years. The practice of burying the dead existed in ancient Greece early on and there were little changes in the basic practices. The earliest burials in Greece can be traced back to the Mycenaean period. The Mycen aean culture tended to bury the dead along with his possessions and there is some evidence to indicate that graves were being reused. The Mycenaean burial tradition is special since a connection to the dead person was always maintained. Graves typically had an altar and a funnel like structure that extended into the grave. These funnels were used to pour libations into the graves (Stevanovic 40). Inhumation was the dominant practice but there is evidence to suggest cremation as well. The dead were cremated so that their souls could leave the body easily and immediately. In addition, cremation was carried out so that the ghost of the dead would not disturb the relatives. The cremated remains were typically entrusted to an amphora that was then buried as a regular body would be buried. This method of burial was practiced just before the Bronze Age. Greek burial practices differed widely from previous ones in the Bronze Age. Previously both adults and children had been cremated or had been alternatively buried as per the dominant cultural trend. However, in the Bronze age it was common that the adults would be cremated while the children would be buried. The only common feature in these burials was that both were inhumed either in pit graves or in chamber tombs as per social status. It was typically to bury items of personal possession as well as items related to daily use. An exploration of graves and tombs from the Bronze Age in Greece has revealed that burial areas contained utensils, cooking pots, oil flasks, jewelry and in a few cases weapons. It is believed that the weapons have been removed from the graves of adult warriors. In certain cases, offerings of food and drinks were also buried with the dead, perhaps with the view that the dead may require this for his journey into the afterlife. It must be noted that graves from this period did not contain the funnel like structures from the previous periods and libation into the grave was not possible. Addition ally, since the buried person was already cremated, there was little possibility that libation could be poured into the amphora. As the Greek civilization progressed from simple religious structures to more complicated ones, the manner of burial evolved with it. Compared to the earliest times, the Greeks had begun to distinguish between adults and childr

Training Schedule For Employees Of Mach Speed Couriers Essay

Training Schedule For Employees Of Mach Speed Couriers - Essay Example The return on investment for example, given the professionals and companies that Mach Speed Couriers deal with, let for instance the cost of the training program to be $ 300,000 for three years. This delivers an additional profit of $ 500,000 for the business period of the three years. The information is used to calculate the value of ROI as shown below;ROI = profit gains fewer Investment costs (training cost) divided by investment costs. ROI= ($ 500,000-- $ 300, 000) / 300,000 = 66.67 %The designed training program caters for individual differences because the employees come from different backgrounds and initial exposure to varying experiences (Carnes, 2010). For meaningful transfer of training, there are specific materials very suitable to the trainee. The charts and marker pens for the trainers must be available. The charts are useful in demonstrating the whole concepts on the board or the wall. However, computer use and the projector are more useful in the exercise. This can be used for easier simulation. The trainees are provided with writing materials to note down key concerns in the courier industry. The design must have the clear and realistic objective that can be accomplished. The information relayed must be applicable and related to job specifications and how to improve on them. The real reflection on the working environment is captured by the trainer.Transfer of training is possible through sub-division of trainees into small manageable groups.

CRITICAL CONTEXTS of LAW- STORY( answer the questions) Essay

CRITICAL CONTEXTS of LAW- STORY( answer the questions) - Essay Example In turn, this conflict is further mirrored by the confusion regarding the difference between a civil liberty and a human right. It is submitted that the criticism of the philosophical concept of human rights as a reality centres on the dichotomy between the deontological â€Å"shared ethics† paradigm and the utilitarian approach (Donnelly, 2003, p.7). On the other hand, a â€Å"civil right† whilst related to human rights is completely distinct and specifically relates to a legal right which can be protected and exercised under civil law (Foster, 2008, p.10). As such, a civil right may include a human right but is completely distinct from a human right (Foster, 2008). For example, under the civil law common law jurisdiction in the UK, individuals have rights not to be injured or the victims of negligence or nuisance as part of a civil right (Foster, 2008). Whilst civil rights are exercisable and protected by the state, human rights on the other hand are not automatically exercisable, which in turn has perpetuated a debate as to whether the concept of human rights are in fact a â€Å"fiction† of modern, western liberal democracies (Reed, 2007, p.11). ... Indeed, this very point is the fundamental distinction between a civil right, which is enforceable and exercisable on the one hand in contrast to the individualistic concept of a human right on the other. Furthermore, Donnelly highlights the point that the â€Å"the ability to claim rights, if necessary distinguishes between having a right from simply being the (rights-less) beneficiary of someone else’s obligations. Paradoxically, then â€Å"having† a right is of most value precisely when one does not have the right† (Donnelly, 2003, p.8). It is submitted that this observation is arguably crucial to the practical success of the shared ethics paradigm in terms of the innate morality informing human adherence to basic fundamental rights. Moreover, Donnelly questions the notion of â€Å"shared† rights as in a â€Å"Hobbesian state of nature, rights would never be respected; at best disinterest or self interest would lead duty-bearers not to deny the right h older the object of her right (Donnelly, 2003, p.8). Accordingly, Donnelly’s points highlight the point that whereas ethics refer to the morality of human rights, this can contrast with the actual enforcement of morality as defined by ethical theory, which again highlights the fundamental distinction between an enforceable civil rights on the one hand and human rights on the other. Indeed, Donnelly highlights the point that â€Å"â€Å"Human rights traditionally have been thought of as moral rights of the highest order. They have also become, as we will see in more detail later, international legal rights† (Donnelly, 2003, p.11). As such, this has led to commentators questioning the concept of human rights in international

Safety in High-rise Building Construction

Safety in High-rise Building Construction Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background In previous decades since workers balanced themselves at dizzying heights above ground with little to prevent them from falling, high-rise construction has been layered in safety regulations and equipment. Construction can be referred as a relatively hazardous undertaking. There are significantly more injuries and lost workdays due to injuries or illnesses in construction as compared to any other industry. In contrast to most industrial accidents, innocent bystanders also get injured due to construction accidents. Several crane collapses from high rise buildings under construction have resulted in injuries to passersby. Safety during a high-rise construction project is affected in large part by decisions made during the planning and design stage. Some designs or construction plans are inherently difficult and dangerous to put into practice, whereas other, similar plans may considerably reduce the possibility of dangerous accidents. Beyond these design decisions, safety also depends largely upon education, alertness and cooperation during the construction process. Workers should be always alert to the possibilities of accidents and avoid taken unnecessary risks. 1.2 Related Problems The causes of injuries in high-rise construction are plentiful. The largest single category for both injuries and fatalities is individual falls. Handling of goods and transportation are also a major cause of injuries. An individual fall may be caused by a series of coincidences: inattentive worker or an insecure railing or slippery footing etc. Removing any one of these causes might serve to stop any particular accident, but again each casualty may have multiple causes. Many measures are available to improve jobsite safety in construction. These include design, choice of safety equipment, education and vigilance. By altering facility designs, particular structures can be safer or more hazardous to construct. Choice of different safety equipments plays an important role in overall safety of project. Educating workers and managers in proper procedures and hazards also has a direct impact on jobsite safety. During the construction process itself, the most important safety related measures are to insure proper vigilance and cooperation on the part of managers, inspectors and workers. Vigilance involves bearing in mind the risks of different working practices. In also involves maintaining temporary physical safeguards. 1.3 Aim To study and evaluate the Safety in High Rise Construction with special focus on safety at construction in Kuwait: issues, problems, procedures, and recommendations 1.4 Objectives To study and understand the various risks involved, and the safety issues related to construction and analysis the previous work done in this field. To evaluate the existing safety procedures, policies, regulations and accident prevention methods with respect to construction industry in Kuwait. Development of questionnaire and conducting survey and interviews with the contractors and the consultants and safety engineers To identify the root of safety problems related to construction in Kuwait and recommend potential safety programs and solutions and estimating the likely effect on project progress and accident reduction Suggesting some recommendations for safety at construction based on the study at Kuwait 1.5 Expected outcomes At the end of project, a reader will be able to understand the various risks involved in high rise construction and the various measures followed to reduce that risk. The practices followed and measures developed to make high-rise construction a safer job will be listed in report. 1.6 Resources used The resources that will be used for this study will include various international papers and books regarding safety in high-rise construction. The papers and books will be generally taken from the university library and some of them will be taken from the internet, while the use of internet resources will be kept to a minimum. 1.7 Gantt Chart Gantt Chart: Project on Safety in High Rise Construction TASKS Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Selection of the Topic Submission of the Project Proposal Literature survey on the Topic Submission of the Interim Report Main Research on the Topic Conclusion and Recommendations Final Report Submission CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Researches Done at International Level In most countries, the building and construction industry has a high rate of occupational accidents. In the EU15, the rate of construction injuries leading to over three days absence from work exceeded 6,000 per 100,000 employees in 2005 (Arbetsmiljà ¶verket, 2008). Although this is approximately three times the rate in the Swedish construction industry, Swedens rate still places building and construction among the top 10 occupational sectors for occupational accidents in the country. Much effort has been made to reduce the rate of industrial accidents, mainly through technical solutions, rules, and regulation. In an interview study of the Australian construction industry, Holmes, Lingard, Yesilyurt, and De Munk (1999) found that risk was largely attributed to the nature of the work, poor individual work practices, ignorance, andwork pressure due to budgetary and time constraints. To successfully approach these sources of risk there is a need to understand not only underlying struct ural and organizational conditions, but also psychological and social factors. Such a broadened and deepened perspective on safety should supplement rather than replace the engineering approach. The concepts of safety culture and safety climate are important contributions from the behavioral and social sciences to our understanding of occupational safety. Denison (1996) stated that the concepts of organizational culture and climate both suggest the existence of a shared, holistic, and collectively defined social context that emerges over time. The two concepts share many features, though organizational culture places greater emphasis on creating the social environment whereas organizational climate corresponds to how this social environment is experienced by the actors and thus is more external (Denison). Zohar (1980) defined organizational climate as a summary of molar perceptions that employees share about their work environments.Neal and Griffin(2006) defined perceived safety cli mate. as individual perceptions of policies, procedures and practices relating to safety in the workplace and suggested that group safety climate refers to perceptions shared within the group. According to organizational climate theory (Schneider, 1975), such shared perceptions will result in normative conclusions as to the correct way to behave in relation to safety in the organization. Climate serves to guide ones own behavior and contributes to the predictability of the behavior of others (Guldenmund, 2000). Pidgeon (1991) suggested that organizational culture represents a shared meaning system (i.e., a system of symbols, ideas, rules, and cognitions, with certain observable behavioral consequences); furthermore, he defined safety culture as the set of beliefs, norms, attitudes, roles, and social and technical practices which are concerned with minimizing the exposure of employees, managers, customers, and members of the public to conditions considered dangerous or injurious. Pid geon stated that such construed meaning systems specifywhat is important and legitimate to the group, and that this culture is created and recreated asmembers of the group repeatedly behave in a way that seems natural and unquestionable to them, thus constructing a particular version of risk and safety. Pidgeon also suggested that it is misleading to consider only organizational or corporate culture, as the cultures of workgroups, departments, divisions, and organizations, as well as cultures at an even broader macro level (e.g., nations) are nested within one another as well as overlapping. Both safety climate and safety culture are socially construed phenomena and the importance of these concepts to occupational safety is generally accepted (e.g., Zohar 1980; Zohar, 2002; Donald Canter, 1994; Pidgeon, 1998; Guldenmund, 2000; Lee Harrison, 2000; Cooper Phillips, 2004; Mearns, Whitaker, Flin, 2003; Neal Griffin, 2006; Clarke, 2006b; Pousette, Larsson, Tà ¶rner, 2008). Gun (1993) investigated contractors safety performances at 98 di.erent con struction sites over 2 years. It was concluded that management training and good management practices are most likely to prevent injuries which are associated with the violation of regulations. Hinze and Raboud (1988) studied safety on large construction projects; the study discussed the relationships between company size, level safety policy, project level safety policy, project coordination, and economic pressure on worker safety. It was found that higher frequencies of construction accidents occurred on projects that were over budget and those that were compete tively bid. According to a Business Round Table report (Construction Industry Institute, 1988), the cost of an effective construction safety and health program in the USA is approximately 2.5% of direct labor costs. Successful safety programs have been developed by many construction companies and have shown remarkable results. Duponts safety training and observation program achieved good results in reducing work-place accidents (Peyton and Rubio, 1991). Bechtel reported that 83% of their projects are meeting the zero goal after applying the `Zero Accident Program; this program reduced lost-time injuries in 1993 to less than half when compared with 1992 (Center to Protect Workers Rights, 1993). Hakkinen (1995), developed a training program called one hour for safety management to provide safety education and training for top management. The program was applied in 100 companies and showed success in attracting managements attention to safety issues. Ringdahl (1990) designed a simple model for cost benefit evaluation of improving safety measures at companies. Jaselskis et al. (1996) presented strategies for improving safety performance on both a company and a project level. 2.2 Safety problems in Construction Construction sites tend to have several employers working on them simultaneously, making safety coordination in such a dynamic environment a very complex process. Temporary duration of work, together with the rapidly changing character of the site are in complete contrast to regular factory production and form a serious hazard to safety. These special features and problems arise from the following: 2.2.1. Competitive tendering Contractors often feel that their bids will be considered even if they do not make proper provisions for safety costs. In the case of hard-pressed local authorities, struggling with government-imposed spending cuts, and smaller  ®rms on the brink of survival in a business recession, this problem is usually more acute and seldom comes to the surface. These problems a.ected Kuwait after the liberation, due to expenditure cuts and a large number of small construction  ®rms. The extent of cost cuts by government and the low number of governmental projects have increased the competitive tendering between companies in the last 5 years. As a result, contractors have been forced to reduce their pro ®ts and costs to stay in the market and allow projects to sell to other companies or subcontractors to secure a pro ®t margin. As shown earlier in the questionnaire distributed to construction  ®rms, most contractors do not consider safety costs in their tenders unless it is recognized by the contract documents. Statistics show that lost-time accident frequency rates, which ranged from 2.5 to 6 per 100,000 man-hours worked on contracts where no provision for safety costs been made in tenders, could be reduced to a range of 0.2 to 1 per 100,000 man-hours worked on projects where proper safety planning and costing had been done and the costs accepted by the client (King and Hudson, 1985). 2.2.2. Lack of safety regulations The absence of a uni ®ed set of safety regulations adversely a.ects the enforcement of safety on the job site. The MPW has a safety chapter in its construction practices manual, KOC has its own manual, and no safety standard manual exists in KM. Projects constructed by American companies are ruled by OSHA and/or the US Army Corps of Engineers safety manual. International standards are not necessarily applicable to the Kuwaiti work environment since methods of practice in advanced and industrial countries di.er from those used in Kuwait. Other national standards have not been updated to comply with the new technology and constructability methods; for example, the prohibition against using wooden sca.olding is not included in such standards. 2.2.3. Small size of most construction  ®rms The open trade and commercial lease given to its citizens by the Kuwaiti government encourages many citizens to establish small businesses, which are especially concentrated in construction. Small construction  ®rms with less than 10 employees account for about 60% of construction  ®rms in Kuwait. This high proportion of small undertakings is a handicap to the spread and adoption of safe working practices. After the liberation, private housing businesses  ¯ourished, attracting many small  ®rms and independent contractors with limited experience in building construction. These  ®rms cannot a.ord the services of safety specialists or instructors, resulting in little opportunity for organized safety instructions either o.- or on-site. Compared to large  ®rms, the small  ®rms are usually short of capital and under great pressure to cut costs at the expense of safety. Construction at this level is a competitive arena, where the saving of a few dinars means the di.erence between success and failure. In addition, most small  ®rms use temporary labor and may not assure continuity of work, so investing money in training and equipment for them is considered an unnecessary cost. Also, it is more di cult for government safety inspectors to inspect the work and practices of a large number of small  ®rms than a smaller number of medium-sized and large ones. 2.2.4. Extensive use of subcontractors The specialization of activities on building sites has been a main factor leading to the extensive employment of subcontractors. Many companies in Kuwait look for safe and fast pro ®t, selling their projects to subcontractors for a certain percentage of the pro ®t. This causes many problems in coordination, safety planning, allocating safety responsibility, and communication. In practice the e.ective control of site-safety practices is di cult to enforce when a number of small subcontractors, especially those with fewer than  ®ve employees, are engaged on one site. The main responsibility is taken by the general contractor, who should insist that all necessary safety measures are written into the subcontractors agreement. Unless proper provision is allowed for the subcontractors to consider safety in their bid, it is doubtful whether they will take safety seriously. 2.2.5. Lack of relevant accident data If you cannot measure safety, then you certainly cannot manage it. The lack of o cial safety data and records of construction accidents at sites makes safety the last issue to be concerned by the contractor and owner. The people on-site and at management level are not aware of safety problems, since they are not informed by the statistics or  ®gs. of serious and fatal accidents that have occurred at sites, and the number of disabilities that resulted from such accidents. 2.2.6. Extensive use of foreign labor Kuwait as a rich developing country attracts many investments and working labor. The employment of migrant labor has always been a special characteristic of construction sites in Kuwait. Different labor cultures and traditions reflect on human relations, different work habits, and communication problems. Most construction workers in Kuwait are unskilled, untrained, and inexperienced, especially after the liberation. They come from poor communities of other countries and are ready to work in any job to establish a reasonable life for their families; many do not see their families for 2 ±3 years in order to save some money for the future. The workers are emotionally vulnerable and preoccupied with their problems since most of them are working in unsecured conditions and not on their sponsors bail. All of these above conditions can a.ect the concentration and attention of the worker and may contribute to mistakes. 2.3 Research methodology for Study in Kuwait Different research activities have been used to collect the necessary information and data related to this research. Among these are  ®eld visits, questionnaires, and interviews. 2.3.1. Contractors questionnaire To understand the problems associated with the implementation of safety pro- grams in construction companies, questionnaires were mailed to technical managers, safety directors, and in some cases chief engineers. Key persons in companies were identi ®ed either by business contacts or by direct phone calls to the companies. Thirty-two questionnaires were mailed to various large, medium, and small-sized construction companies in Kuwait. The questionnaire covered a range of subjects related to safety, namely: (1) companys profile; (2) safety records; (3) accident statistics; (4) training; and (e) safety policy. 2.3.2. Consultants questionnaire Another study was conducted to determine the extent to which designers recognize the need to address the safety of construction workers in project plans, contractors selection criteria, contract clauses concerning safety, and procedures followed at job site supervision. Addresses of key consultants were identified from a bulletin distributed by the Kuwait Engineering Society. 2.3.3. Interviews A number of interviews were conducted with safety engineers, heads of safety departments in government ministries, and company superintendents. The interviews stressed the di culties in implementing safety at job sites, government procedures and policies, safety standards, cause of most construction accidents, and methods of prevention. Interviews with contractors superintendents covered safety programs, labor behavior and companys investment in safety. Visits were also made to two major insurance companies dealing with construction insurance in Kuwait. The questions covered insurance types, premiums, major accidents, companies commitment to safety procedures at the job site, labor compensation, accident records, accident investigation procedures, and insurance companies role in safety in general. References * Cooke, T., Lingard, H., Blismas, N., Stranieri, A., 2008. ToolSHeDTM: the development and evaluation of a decision support tool for health and safety in construction design. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 15 (4), 336-351. * Gambatese, J.A., Behm, M., Rajendran, S., 2008. Designs role in construction accident causality and prevention: perspectives from an expect panel. Safety Science 46 (4), 675-691. * Low, S.P., Sua, C.S., 2000. The maintenance of construction safety: riding on ISO 9000 quality management systems. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 6 (1), 28-44. * Mohamed, A. et al, 1993. Safety of concrete high-rise buildings during construction. Purdue University. * Abdelhamid, T.S., Patel, B., Howell, G.A., Mitropoulos, P., 2003. Signal detection theory: enabling work near the edge. In: Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC-11), Blacksburg, USA. Proceedings, Virginia Tech. * Ballard, G., 2000. The Last Planner System of Production Control, PhD thesis, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Birmingham, UK. * Cameron, I., Hare, B., Duff, R., Maloney, B., 2006. An investigation of approaches to worker engagement. Health and Safety Executive, Research Report RR516, 96 p. * Cherns, A., 1978. The principles of sociotechnical design. In: Pasmore, W., Sherwood, J. (Eds.), Sociotechnical Systems: A Source Book. University Associates, La Jolla, pp. 61-71. * Hale, A., Heijer, T., 2006. Is resilience really necessary? The case of railways. In: Hollnagel, E., Woods, D., Levenson, N. (Eds.), Resilience Engineering: Concepts and Precepts. Ashgate, pp. 115-137, 392 p. * Harper, R., Koehn, E., 1998. Managing industrial construction safety in southeast Texas. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 124 (6), 452-457. * Hinze, J. 2002. Making zero injuries a reality. Construction Industry Institute (Report 160), Gainesville, 110 p. * Hoffman, R., Feltovich, P., Ford, K., Woods, D., Klein, G., Feltovich, A., 2002. A rose by any other name. . .would probably be given an acronym. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 72-80. * Hollnagel, E., 2004. Barriers and Accident Prevention. Ashgate, Aldershot, UK. * Hollnagel, E., Woods, D., 1999. Cognitive systems engineering: new wine in new bottles. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 51 (2), 339-356. * Hollnagel, E., Woods, D., 2005. Joint Cognitive Systems: An Introduction to Cognitive Systems Engineering. Taylor and Francis, London. * Hollnagel, E., Woods, D., Levenson, N., 2006. Resilience Engineering: Concepts and Precepts. Ashgate, Aldershot, UK, 392 p. * Hopkins, A., 2006. What are we to make of safe behaviour programs? Safety Science 44, 583-597. * Igarashi, R., 1991. The big picture. In: Mctighe, E. (Ed.), Visual control systems. Productivity Press, Cambridge, pp. 3-12. The Factory Management Notebook Series, 1 (2). * Kolluru, R., Bartell, S., Pitblado, R., Stricoff, R., 1996. Risk Assessment and Management Handbook. McGraw-Hill, New York. * Koskela, L., 2000. An Exploration towards a Production Theory and its Application to Construction. Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, 258 p. * Laufer, A., Tucker, R., 1987. Is construction planning really doing its job? A critical examination of focus, role and process. Construction Management and Economics 5, 243-266.